![]() ![]() Ribosomes are the submicroscopic organelles. The living cytoplasmic organelles are the site of various important metabolic activities such as photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis etc. The cytoplasm is composed of matrix the membrane bound organelles and non-living inclusions like vacuoles and granules. It is a jelly like fluid mass of protoplasm excluding the nucleus and surrounded by plasma membrane on the outside. It controls and maintains differential distribution of ions inside and outside the cell. It facilitates the entrance of nutrients into the cells and allows exit of nitrogenous wastes, regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cells. Cell membrane mainly consists of proteins and lipids but in certain cases, polysachharides have also been found. It is a thin film like pliable membrane, and serves as protective covering of the cell. ![]() Protoplasm consists of cytoplasm and nucleus and is externally bounded by the cell membrane or plasmalemma. The remaining parts are organic and inorganic materials.Įach protoplast keeps itself in communication with neighbouring protoplasts through small openings in the cell wall known as plasmodesmata. Water is the chief constituent of an active protoplast and normally constitutes 90% of the system. ![]() Protoplasm with non-living inclusions is called protoplast. Protoplasm is the living, colourless, elastic, colloidal semi fluid substance present in the cell. It protects plasma membrane and helps in imbibition’s of water and movement of solutes towards protoplasm. Cell wall provides mechanical support and gives a definite shape to the cell. In bacteria the cell wall is composed of protein and non-cellulosic carbohydrates while in most algae, fungi and all plant cells, the cell-wall is formed of cellulose. The synthesis of cell wall in controlled by Golgi bodies. Cell wall is the non-living protective layer outside the plasma membrane in the plant cells, bacteria, fungi and algae. ![]()
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